Release Angle Experiment with Medicine Ball Throws

A small biomechanics experiment: groups throw a medicine ball forward at three different release angles, measure the distances and find which angle works best. It connects projectile physics with shot put, discus and javelin technique.

How to play

1. Groups of 5 with one 4-6 lb medicine ball, a measuring tape and a tablet. Pose the question: which release angle gives the most distance? (3 min).
2. Mark three reference heights on a post or wall 6 feet in front of the thrower that the ball must clear for a low (about 20°), medium (35-40°) and high (60°) release (3 min).
3. Each student makes one two-handed overhead throw at each angle, from a standing position and always with the same technique (8 min).
4. One partner films from the side to check the actual angle and another measures distance; everything goes on the data sheet (at the same time).
5. The group averages each angle and sketches a simple graph (4 min).
6. Discussion: why the best angle in shot put is below 45° and how release height and strength play a role (7 min).

Rules

• Only one person per group throws while the others stand behind or to the side.
• Use the same technique and effort for all three angles so the experiment is valid.
• Safety: 13 feet between groups and nobody retrieves the ball until it stops rolling.

Variations

Adaptations

• Limited mobility: seated two-handed throws using the same three angles.
• Deaf or hard of hearing: provide the instructions and experiment steps in writing on the sheet.
• Lower strength: use a lighter ball, since the comparison is between angles for the same person.

Learning goals

• Test the relationship between release angle and distance through an experiment.
• Apply biomechanics concepts to throwing technique.
• Use video and data collection to analyze movement.

Equipment for a class of 25

• medicine balls: 5
• measuring tapes: 5
• cones: 15
• tablets or smartphones: 5
• data sheets: 25

Teacher tip

Results usually favor 35-40° because throwers produce more force at lower angles; use that surprise to drive the discussion. Team up with the physics teacher if you can.

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